Instructions for solving Intelligence Tests

1. The Testing Officer, before putting the candidates to a test, imparts instructions to the candidates as to how they have to answer the questions. He gives instructions regarding the requirements of the tests, how and where they have to write the answers and the time limit, etc. The candidates must listen to those instructions carefully and try to grasp every detail. If a candidate finds even a slightest doubt about a question, etc., he should have to clarified there and then. But as soon as the candidates are ordered to begin solving the questions, they are not allowed to ask anything from any one.
2. The times of tests are very short. A candidate usually gets only 30 seconds for one question. Hence, he must work quickly. If the candidate fails to concentrate on solving the questions and is entangled in thinking, then he is sure to lag behind.
3. There may be some questions, the answers of which are not readily known to the candidates. In such situations, the candidates, must leave them and pass on to answering the next questions. On reaching the end, the candidates can time and refer back to such unattempted questions and can answer these.
4. The candidates should not put any marks on the booklets which contain questions. They should not tear any page out of it. These booklets are to be returned to the testing officer intact.
5. Along with the question booklets, the candidates are given an answer sheet. The candidates should be very careful in filling the personal particulars on the top of their sheet. Before starting writing answers to the questions, the candidates must fill in these particulars.
6. Usually, in the first column of this answer sheet, serial number of the questions contained in the booklet are supplied. The candidates should start giving answers in the second column.

Growth and Decline of Intelligence

Psychologists believe that the process of growth of intelligence continues in the child. Mental age increases rapidly to the age of 13 to 15, and more slowly to age of 15 or 18. Researches and experiments have brought out that intelligence comes to its climax ate the age of 26 years. Then at a certain age the Law of Diminishing or Return of Intelligence begins and it actually starts decreasing in old age.

Origin OF Intelligence Tests

The idea of intelligence is said to have originated in France, where a French psychologist, M. Binet, conducted a great research in this field and finally designed different kinds of tests for the measurement of the aptitude of the candidates for the various jobs. M. Binet, in 1896, prepared various tests which enabled his Government to select candidates on those lines.

Value of Intelligence Tests

A man, apart from the general intelligence, has special aptitude. Hence, it is essential that fit persons should be chosen to hold different appointments and to do different jobs.
Many experiments have been made and researches have been conducted in this connection and it has been established that intelligence tests are best suited for this object. Such intelligence tests have been evolved bey the Federal Public Service Commissions and other various civil and military examinations in Pakistan to select suitable persons for filling various appointments in the different departments. Such tests are conducted by Inter Service Selection Board (ISSB), located at Kohat for candidates who are anxious for joining Army, Air Force and Navy. Therefore, the test of intelligence became the key point of all vocation tests.

Meaning Of Intelligence

The word intelligence has been defined in different ways by various psychologists, but they all agree to one simple definition which says, Intelligence means " an innate ablity to solve problems".
This innate ability is not acquired in class rooms and from the reading of books, but is available in a person from his birth. The intelligence is the essence of the faculties of understanding reasoning , judgement, adaptability, persistence and self-criticism.
There are some writers who believe in general intelligence, while there are some others who think that there is no general intelligence. To the first class belongs writers like Ster. Meanman and Ballard, whereas to the second class belongs writers like Thorndiko. Wordsworth defines "intelligence" as that "which involves doing a miscellaneous lot of things and do them right". Cyril Burt says, "intelligence is he power of reasoning and adjustment to new situations". Ebbinghans considers that "intelligence is the ability to abstract, compare, contrast and classify. The formulator of "patient puzzle", Binet, a well-known psychologist is of the view that intelligence consists of (a) Consciousness of the ends to be attained;
(b) The trial of possible means to end; (c) Auto-criticism of the trials made.

SCALARS AND VECTORS

The quantities which can be measured are known as physical quantities. They are divided into two types.
1. Scalar quantities
2. Vector quantities or vectors.
SCALARS
Physical quantities which can be completely specified by number with suitable unit, without the mention of direction are known as scalars. The number representing the physical quantity is called its magnitude. Thus scalars can  also be defined as "The physical quantities which have only magnitude but no direction"
Examples of scalars are mass, volume, density, temperature, energy, electric potential, charge, time and distance etc.
VECTORS
Physical quantities which can be completely specified by a number with a suitable unit and direction are known as vectors. They can also be defined as "Physical quantities which have magnitude as well as direction are known as vectors"
Examples of such quantities are torque, acceleration, force, velocity, displacement, momentum and electric intensity etc.